The History and Discovery of Lemongrass Essential Oil

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a humble plant with a remarkable story. Native to tropical regions of Asia, particularly India and Sri Lanka. Its discovery dates back thousands of years, with evidence suggesting it was one of the earliest plants cultivated for its aromatic and medicinal properties. The earliest documented use of lemongrass traces back to ancient India, where it featured prominently in Ayurvedic medicine around 800 BCE. Ancient texts like the Charaka Samhita mentioned lemongrass as a remedy for fever, infectious illnesses, and digestive problems.

Yet Lemongrass didn't stay confined to Asia for long! Arab traders, who controlled the spice routes between Asia and Europe, introduced lemongrass to the Mediterranean region around the 17th century. These merchants recognised its value not just as medicine, but as a culinary delight and fragrant addition to their trading portfolio.

When European colonists established plantations in tropical regions during the 18th and 19th centuries, they took particular notice of lemongrass. The British, Dutch, and French all documented its uses among indigenous populations and began cultivating it commercially. By the 1830s, British colonial administrators had established lemongrass plantations specifically for oil production and By the 1880s, lemongrass oil had become an important export from colonies in Asia and later from the West Indies, particularly Jamaica and Madagascar. Colonial records from the time show that India alone was exporting over 145 tons of lemongrass oil annually to Europe, primarily for perfumery and flavouring.

During Victorian times, it became fashionable for British households to keep lemongrass plants in conservatories, both for their fragrance and as a ready source of fresh leaves for tea. The plant's architectural quality—tall, arching blades that sway gracefully in the breeze—made it popular in Victorian ornamental gardens long before its medicinal properties were fully appreciated in Western culture.

During World War I, lemongrass oil became strategically important as a source of citral, which was needed to synthesise vitamin A. This elevated the humble grass to an ingredient of national importance in several countries! Lemongrass essential oil was also used during the 1918 influenza pandemic as an antiseptic and fever reducer. When conventional medicines were in short supply following the war, many communities turned to traditional remedies like lemongrass.

In the early 20th century, scientists identified citral as the main component of lemongrass essential oil, comprising about 65-85% of its composition. This discovery was revolutionary for both the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. The industrial revolution transformed lemongrass from a traditional remedy to a commercial ingredient. By the early 20th century, lemongrass oil had become essential to several industries. In 1917, Procter & Gamble began using lemongrass oil in soap manufacturing, appreciating its natural fragrance and antibacterial properties. The 1920s saw lemongrass oil become a key ingredient in early commercially produced insect repellents, particularly in tropical British colonies where mosquito-borne diseases were prevalent.

The food industry embraced lemongrass in the 1930s when advances in food science allowed for stable incorporation of its flavour into processed foods and beverages, paving the way for it's use as a flavouring alternative to provide that much-needed citrus note in foods and beverages. during World War II, when citrus fruits were scarce in Britain. When supply chains for conventional medicines were disrupted, British military hospitals in Southeast Asia turned to local remedies. Field doctors documented using lemongrass preparations to treat fungal infections among troops stationed in humid jungle environments. The war created shortages of many conventional cleaning products too. Housekeeping manuals from the 1940s show that lemongrass oil mixed with vinegar became a popular household disinfectant in Britain when commercial products were rationed. Later, still In the 1940s, lemongrass became a crucial ingredient in citronella candles and insect repellents, following research that demonstrated its effectiveness against mosquitoes. 

The 1950s marked a turning point for essential oils, including lemongrass. French chemist René-Maurice Gattefossé, who coined the term "aromatherapy" in the 1930s, helped establish scientific interest in essential oils' therapeutic properties. By the 1970s, lemongrass oil had found its way into the emerging aromatherapy movement in the UK. Practitioners like Valerie Ann Worwood and Robert Tisserand included lemongrass in their pioneering aromatherapy texts, highlighting its uplifting, cleansing, and pain-relieving properties. In the 1980s, researchers discovered that lemongrass's citral content actually consists of two isomers: neral and geranial. This discovery helped explain why lemongrass oil sometimes varied in its therapeutic effects depending on growing conditions and harvesting times.

In more contemporary times, interest in studying the oil continued. A 1996 study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology demonstrated lemongrass oil's effectiveness against several strains of bacteria, including some resistant to conventional antibiotics, whilst research conducted at the University of Oxford in 1998 identified specific mechanisms by which lemongrass compounds disrupt bacterial cell membranes, explaining its traditional use as an antiseptic. Current research is exploring exciting new applications for lemongrass. Environmental scientists are investigating lemongrass's potential in bioremediation, as it can absorb certain environmental toxins from soil. Medical researchers are studying specific compounds in lemongrass for potential development of new antimicrobial drugs, particularly important in the age of antibiotic resistance.

 

The Cultural Significance Of Lemongrass

Lemongrass holds spiritual significance in many cultures. In several African traditions, lemongrass is burned to cleanse spaces of negative energy and invite good spirits, a practice that dates back centuries and continues today. Beyond its use in spiritual cleansing, lemongrass is also part of traditional African healing practices, where it is used in herbal mixtures to treat fever and malaria, highlighting its role in both spiritual and physical health. This spiritual connection extends across the Indian Ocean to Indonesia and Malaysia, where lemongrass is traditionally planted around homes as a protective boundary, believed to ward off evil influences while attracting prosperity. The plant's spiritual significance is equally matched by its historical presence in ancient civilisations. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it's known as "Xiang Mao," lemongrass has been used for millennia to harmonize the body and alleviate stagnant energy. (Source: Traditional Chinese Medicine Database, 2024)

The medicinal applications of lemongrass span continents and centuries. In India's ancient Ayurvedic tradition, the plant is revered as "Sereh" or "Fever Grass," where it has been used for over 5,000 years to boost immunity, reduce inflammation, and enhance digestive health. (Source: Journal of Ayurvedic Studies, 2024) In fact, it is still often referred to as Fever grass in the Caribbean, where It has been used in teas to treat colds and fevers, with its refreshing aroma believed to clear the mind and spirit. Filipino healing practices incorporate lemongrass in post-natal care, where steam baths infused with the herb help restore health and vitality to new mothers. This tradition reflects the plant's gentle yet effective healing properties. In Thai traditional medicine, practitioners have long employed lemongrass to address various ailments, from high blood pressure to convulsions and skin conditions. Modern scientific research continues to validate these ancient applications, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. (Source: Thai Journal of Traditional Medicine, 2023)

Brazilian folk healers have treasured "erva-cidreira" (lemongrass tea) as a natural remedy for anxiety, insomnia, and digestive disorders. This tradition has been passed down through generations and remains popular in modern Brazilian wellness practices. Indonesian healing traditions showcase the plant's versatility, with traditional healers creating poultices from crushed lemongrass leaves to treat sprains, bruises, and skin infections. This practical application demonstrates the plant's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which modern science has now confirmed. (Source: Indonesian Medical Heritage Journal, 2024)

Today, lemongrass continues to play a vital role in global wellness and economic development. In Thailand, community cooperatives have established sustainable cultivation programs that bridge traditional farming knowledge with modern essential oil production standards. These initiatives not only preserve cultural heritage but also provide economic opportunities for small-scale farmers. The plant's resilience in poor soil conditions and ability to yield multiple harvests per year makes it an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture. In India, lemongrass cultivation has become a cornerstone of rural economic development, with farmers producing high-quality essential oils for the international market while maintaining traditional growing practices. (Source: Agricultural Economics Review, 2025)

This living legacy of lemongrass continues to evolve, bridging ancient wisdom with modern applications, while remaining deeply rooted in the cultural traditions that have treasured it for generations.

 

Within Each Drop - The Call of the Constituents

A constituent is like an ingredient that makes up a larger whole. Imagine a cake: just as a cake is made up of ingredients like flour, sugar, eggs, and butter, an essential oil like lemongrass is made up of different natural chemicals called constituents. Each constituent has its own unique properties and effects, contributing to the overall benefits and characteristics of the oil, much like how each ingredient in a cake contributes to its taste and texture.

Each constituent of lemongrass essential oil contributes to its powerful antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and calming properties. Citral provides the strong lemon scent and antimicrobial action, while nerol and geraniol enhance its soothing and skin-beneficial properties. Citronellol adds insect-repelling capabilities, myrcene contributes relaxation and anti-inflammatory effects, and borneol provides additional analgesic and respiratory support. Together, these constituents make lemongrass essential oil a versatile and effective option for cleansing, skincare, stress relief, and natural insect repellent applications.

Citral: The Citrus Dynamo

Citral is the powerhouse behind lemongrass oil's distinctive lemony aroma. Beyond its nose appeal, citral is celebrated for its robust antimicrobial and antifungal properties. It’s a natural cleanser, making lemongrass oil an excellent choice for purifying and deodorising spaces. It's, citral's anti-inflammatory prowess makes it a go-to for skincare, particularly in tackling acne and other skin irritations

• Properties: Citral is known for its strong lemon scent and is a key component in many citrus essential oils. It has strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties.
• Benefits: Citral is often used for its ability to help uplift mood and provide a fresh, clean scent. It is also used in skincare for its potential to reduce acne and other skin issues.
• Contribution: In lemongrass oil, citral contributes to its potent antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it effective for cleansing and purifying. It also provides the characteristic lemon scent.

Nerol: The Calming Companion

With its sweet, rose-like fragrance, nerol brings a soothing touch to lemongrass oil. Known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory attributes, this constituent is perfect for relaxation and stress relief. Nerol enhances lemongrass oil's ability to calm the mind, making it an ideal companion for unwinding after a long day.

• Properties: Nerol has a sweet rose-like aroma and exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also known for its calming effects.
• Benefits: It is often used in aromatherapy for relaxation and stress relief. It can also be beneficial for skin health due to its soothing properties.
• Contribution: Nerol adds to the calming effects of lemongrass oil, enhancing its use in stress-relief applications and skin care.

Geraniol: The Floral Protector

Geraniol’s sweet, floral scent is more than just pleasing to the senses. It boasts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, providing a protective shield for the skin. Geraniol also serves as a natural insect repellent, making it an invaluable addition to lemongrass oil for those balmy summer evenings.

• Properties: Geraniol has a sweet, floral scent and is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Benefits: It is used to reduce inflammation, promote relaxation, and support skin health. Geraniol is also a natural insect repellent.
• Contribution: In lemongrass oil, geraniol helps in reducing inflammation and providing a sweet aroma, enhancing its applications in skincare and as a natural insect repellent.

Citronellol: The Insect Repeller

Citronellol is famed for its insect-repelling capabilities, often found in natural bug sprays. Its sweet, floral aroma also carries antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits, soothing the skin and adding another layer of protection to lemongrass oil’s repertoire.

• Properties: Citronellol has a sweet, floral scent and is primarily known for its insect repellent properties. It also has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Benefits: It is commonly used to ward off insects and for its soothing effects on the skin.
• Contribution: Citronellol enhances lemongrass oil's insect-repelling capabilities and contributes to its soothing properties for skin care.

Myrcene: The Relaxation Agent

Myrcene, with its musky, earthy undertones, adds a sedative quality to lemongrass oil. Known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, myrcene is instrumental in relieving stress and easing muscle pain, enhancing the oil’s appeal for therapeutic use.

• Properties: Myrcene has a musky, earthy aroma and is known for its anti-inflammatory and sedative effects. It also has antioxidant properties.
• Benefits: It is often used for relaxation, reducing pain and inflammation, and enhancing the effects of other compounds.
• Contribution:  In lemongrass oil, myrcene adds to its relaxing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful for relieving stress and muscle pain.

Borneol: The Pain Reliever

Borneol offers a camphor-like scent, celebrated for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It supports respiratory health and alleviates pain, reinforcing lemongrass oil's role as a holistic remedy:

• Properties: Borneol has a camphor-like aroma and exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Benefits: It is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and support respiratory health.
• Contribution: Borneol enhances lemongrass oil's ability to relieve pain and inflammation, adding to its effectiveness in therapeutic applications.

Together, these constituents create a symphony of benefits that make lemongrass essential oil the versatile oil it is, empowering it with Its ability to cleanse, soothe, repel insects, and promote relaxation for both wellness and everyday living. Lemongrass essential oil stands out not only for its refreshing aroma but also for its comprehensive health benefits, to offer a compelling reminder of the potency and elegance found in every drop.

Using Lemongrass Essential Oil - What It's Used For For and Things To Try

Lemongrass essential oil is prized for its ability to uplift the mood and alleviate stress, making it an excellent choice for promoting mental clarity and concentration. Its antibacterial and antifungal properties make it a staple in skincare, aiding in the treatment of acne and fungal infections. The oil is also known for its analgesic properties, offering relief from muscle pain, tension, and headaches, reducing inflammation and supporting the immune system. 

For topical applications and massages, it is advisable to use lemongrass oil for no more than two weeks consecutively to prevent sensitisation. For aromatherapy, intermittent use is recommended to maintain its effectiveness and prevent olfactory fatigue.

Methods of Use

Diffusion: Diffusing lemongrass oil can invigorate the senses and purify the air. Add 3-4 drops to a diffuser to create an uplifting atmosphere.

Topical Application: When applied to the skin, lemongrass oil can soothe aches and enhance skin health. It is crucial to dilute it properly to prevent skin irritation. A general guideline is to use a 0.5-2% dilution, which equates to 1-2 drops of essential oil per 10ml (about a teaspoon) of carrier oil like sweet almond or jojoba oil.

Massage: Incorporate lemongrass oil into massage blends to relieve sore muscles and boost circulation. Mix 5-6 drops in 30ml of carrier oil for a relaxing massage experience.

Bath: Add 2-3 drops of lemongrass oil to a tablespoon of carrier oil or full-fat milk and disperse into a warm bath to soothe the body and mind.

Inhalation: For an on-the-go stress reliever, inhale directly from the bottle or apply a drop to a tissue and breathe deeply.

Suggested Lemongrass Essential Oil Recipes

Energising Room Spray: Combine 10 drops of lemongrass oil, 10 drops of peppermint oil, and 100ml of distilled water in a spray bottle. Shake well before use to revitalise and refresh your space.

Skin Clarifying Serum: Blend 2 drops of lemongrass oil with 5ml of jojoba oil. Apply sparingly to blemishes to reduce redness and inflammation.

Muscle Relief Blend: Mix 4 drops of lemongrass oil with 3 drops of lavender oil and 30ml of arnica-infused oil. Massage into sore areas to alleviate discomfort.

Further Ideas to Explore

While lemongrass oil is a versatile and beneficial essential oil, it is potent and should be used with care. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy or for individuals with sensitive skin. Always perform a patch test before extensive use and consult with a qualified aromatherapist if needed.

Spiritual Aromatherapy - Let's Get Metaphysical!

 

What is Spiritual Aromatherapy?

Lemongrass essential oil is associated with various metaphysical correspondences, including elements, chakras, planets, animals, numbers, zodiac signs, months, and crystals. Here’s a summary of these associations and their significance:

Lemongrass for Purification

Lemongrass is widely regarded as a powerful herb for cleansing both physical and spiritual spaces. Its refreshing scent is believed to clear stagnant or negative energies, making it an ideal choice for rituals intended to purify a home or workspace. Many practitioners burn lemongrass incense or use it in smudging rituals to create a clean slate. Try it in rituals aimed at cleansing spaces or individuals of negative energies. It can be burned as incense or added to cleansing baths.

Lemongrass for Protection

The plant is thought to possess protective qualities that shield individuals from negative influences. In various traditions, lemongrass is used in protective sachets to guard against harmful energies, psychic attacks, or ill intentions. Its vibrant energy acts as a barrier, promoting safety and well-being. Used to ward off negativity and harmful influences, it is believed to create a shield against unwanted energies.

Lemongrass for Clarity and Focus

The invigorating aroma of lemongrass is associated with mental clarity and enhanced focus. It is often used in meditation practices to help clear the mind, making it easier to access higher states of consciousness and connect with spiritual guidance. Many practitioners find it beneficial for study or work, as it stimulates alertness and concentration.

Lemongrass for Abundance

Many practitioners view lemongrass as a herb of abundance and prosperity. It is a popular ingredient in rituals aimed at attracting abundance, prosperity, and success. Folklore suggests that carrying or using lemongrass in spells can help attract wealth and success. It is often a key ingredient in prosperity oils and can placed somewhere visible to remind of, and enhance, financial intentions.

Lemongrass for Joy and Positivity

Associated with joy, positivity, and vitality, lemongrass can be used in rituals to uplift mood and promote a sense of well-being.

Ritual Uses of Lemongrass

Lemongrass for Manifestation

Lemongrass, with its bright, uplifting energy is believed to align intentions with the forces of the universe, enhancing the likelihood of manifesting one’s desires. It can be used when setting intentions or affirmations, as it is believed to amplify personal goals and desires. Common practices include incorporating lemongrass in vision boards and intention-setting ceremonies.

Lemongrass for Healing

The herb is known for its calming properties, making it useful in healing rituals focused on emotional and mental well-being. Whilst Lemongrass is often used for it's therapeutic properties, it is also said that its energetic properties can help restore balance and promote well-being and so is often used in healing rituals, 

Lemongrass for Dream Work

In the realm of dream work, placing dried lemongrass under your pillow or using its essential oil in a dream sachet is said to promote vivid dreams and enhance intuition. It is said to encourage prophetic dreams and can assist in recalling dreams upon waking and facilitate deeper connections with the subconscious mind.

Lemongrass for Spiritual Connection

In some cultures, lemongrass is believed to facilitate communication with the spirit world. Its uplifting aroma is thought to enhance intuition and openness to spiritual guidance. This aspect resonates with the practices of those who seek to deepen their connection to higher realms and receive insights during prayer and meditation.

Lemongrass for Improving Relationships

While not as directly associated with love as other oils, Lemongrass can be used to enhance relationships using it's ability to foster joy, and open up communication between partners.

Energetic Properties of Lemongrass

Lemongrass for Vibrancy

Lemongrass carries a bright, vibrant energy that invigorates the spirit. It is often utilised in energy work to boost vitality and motivation. The refreshing scent can uplift moods and rekindle enthusiasm, making it a great ally during periods of lethargy or low energy.

Lemongrass for Balancing

The herb can help balance energies within a space, fostering a sense of peace and tranquillity. It is effective in creating harmonious environments, making it suitable for group gatherings, meditation spaces, or any setting where a calm atmosphere is desired.

Lemongrass for Clarity

Its uplifting scent is believed to enhance focus and clarity, making it suitable for practices aimed at decision-making or mental insight.

Correspondences for Lemongrass

Lemongrass and the Air Element

Lemongrass is typically associated with the element of Air due to its uplifting, fresh, and invigorating qualities as well as it's growth shape and movement as a plant. This connection ties it to themes of communication, intellect, and clarity, enhancing its role in mental pursuits and spiritual practices.

Lemongrass and the Planet Mercury

Mercury is the planetary correspondence for lemongrass, connecting it to communication, travel, and the intellect. This association emphasizes the herb’s role in enhancing mental clarity and facilitating clear communication in both personal and spiritual realms.

Lemongrass and the Planet Chakras

Primarily associated with the Solar Plexus Chakra (Manipura), lemongrass promotes confidence, personal power, and the ability to take action. It can be used in chakra work to help balance and energise this centre, enhancing self-esteem and motivation.

 

Lemongrass and it's Associations

Lemongrass and the Zodiac

Associated with communication and intellect, Gemini embodies the qualities of adaptability and social interaction that align well with the properties of lemongrass.

Lemongrass and Animal Symbolism

The tiger symbolises strength, courage, and confidence. Lemongrass’s properties can help individuals embody these attributes, promoting assertiveness and determination.

Lemongrass and Numerology

The number three represents creativity, expression, and growth. Lemongrass encourages positive thinking and the manifestation of ideas, aligning with the energetic vibrations of the number 3.

Lemongrass and the Seasons

Spring is linked to growth, vitality, and new beginnings, reflecting the refreshing and revitalising qualities of lemongrass.

 

Lemongrass with Allies and Synergies

Lemongrass and it's Herbal Allies

Lemongrass is often paired with other herbs such as basil, mint, and rosemary in magical practices. These combinations can amplify the effects of spells and rituals, creating a synergistic blend of energies.

 

Lemongrass and it's Crystal Allies

Citrine: Known for its associations with abundance, prosperity, and personal power, citrine complements lemongrass by enhancing its qualities related to positivity and manifestation.

Clear Quartz: Often used for clarity and amplification, clear quartz aligns with the mental clarity and focus that lemongrass promotes.

 

And Finally - Some Extra Lemongrass Facts!

 

• It takes approximately 50-100 kg of lemongrass to produce just 1 kg of essential oil – making it a precious commodity indeed!
• Lemongrass contains a compound called myrcene that helps other beneficial substances penetrate the skin more effectively – a property that traditional healers seemed to know intuitively long before science confirmed it!
• Beyond citral, lemongrass contains over 100 active compounds including geraniol, myrcene, and limonene—each contributing unique benefits.
• While Cymbopogon citratus  (West Indian) is the most common species used for essential oil production, there are actually over 55 species in the Cymbopogon genus, each with slightly different properties. Cymbopogon flexuosus (East Indian lemongrass) contains higher concentrations of citral and is often preferred for industrial applications.
• Other relatives include Cymbopogon nardus, which produces citronella oil, famous for its insect-repellent properties, and Cymbopogon martinii, which yields palmarosa oil,  used in traditional Indian perfumery for centuries and is popular in aromatherapy treatments.

 

 

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Sources:

In addition to our regular information sources listed here, we have used some additional information in this article from the following sources:

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Price, S., & Price, L. (2011). Aromatherapy for Health Professionals (4th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

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